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How your body uses B-vitamins

Methylation & Folate

Methylation is like your body's on/off switch. It helps turn food into fuel, calm stress signals, and keep DNA tidy.

MTHFR · rs1801133

C677T (A222V)

Could be a problem
Your genotypeC / TOne variant copy
Chromosomechr 1Reference C · Variant T
Evidence
Level B
Reviewed 2025-01
In plain language
MTHFR helps turn the folate in food (and folic acid in vitamins) into its active form, called methylfolate. The T version works a little slower.
What this may suggest
One or two copies of T can slow this step. Many people with this change feel fine, especially when they get plenty of leafy greens.
What this does NOT tell us
This does not prove you are low in folate, that you cannot detox, or that you have a disease. Blood tests are the only way to know your current levels.
Simple food & lifestyle ideas
  • Leafy greens, lentils, and beans are natural folate.
  • Some clinicians suggest an 'active' form (L-methylfolate) instead of folic acid.

Questions for your clinician

  • “Would you check my homocysteine, folate, and B12 levels?”
  • “Would methylfolate instead of folic acid make sense for me?”
MTHFR · rs1801131

A1298C (E429A)

Could be a problem
Your genotypeT / GOne variant copy
Chromosomechr 1Reference T · Variant G
Evidence
Level C
Reviewed 2025-01
In plain language
A second common MTHFR change. On its own it has a smaller effect than C677T.
What this may suggest
May slightly slow methylation, especially if you also carry C677T.
What this does NOT tell us
This is not a diagnosis and is very common in the general population.
Simple food & lifestyle ideas
  • Same food-first approach as C677T — greens, beans, eggs.

Questions for your clinician

  • “Given both my MTHFR results, should we look at homocysteine?”
MTR · rs1805087

A2756G (D919G)

Low-priority conversation
Your genotypeA / ATypical (no variant copies)
Chromosomechr 1Reference A · Variant G
Evidence
Level C
Reviewed 2025-01
In plain language
MTR recycles homocysteine back into methionine using vitamin B12.
What this may suggest
Could affect how efficiently your body uses B12 for methylation.
What this does NOT tell us
Doesn't mean you are B12 deficient — a blood test does.
Simple food & lifestyle ideas
  • B12 is found in animal foods; vegetarians often benefit from a supplement.

Questions for your clinician

  • “Would a serum or active B12 (holoTC) test be reasonable?”
MTRR · rs1801394

A66G (I22M)

Could be a problem
Your genotypeA / GOne variant copy
Chromosomechr 5Reference A · Variant G
Evidence
Level C
Reviewed 2025-01
In plain language
MTRR helps keep the B12 enzyme working. This change is very common.
What this may suggest
Slightly higher B12 demand in some people.
What this does NOT tell us
Not a diagnosis. Most carriers are healthy.
Simple food & lifestyle ideas
  • Eggs, fish, dairy, or a B-complex if your clinician agrees.

Questions for your clinician

  • “Should I check my B12 more often?”
BHMT · rs3733890

R239Q

Could be a problem
Your genotypeG / AOne variant copy
Chromosomechr 5Reference G · Variant A
Evidence
Level C
Reviewed 2025-01
In plain language
A backup pathway that uses choline (from eggs) to help methylation.
What this may suggest
May shift how much choline your body wants.
What this does NOT tell us
Doesn't set a required intake.
Simple food & lifestyle ideas
  • Eggs, liver, beans, and cruciferous veggies are choline-rich.

Questions for your clinician

  • “Do I get enough choline from my current diet?”
CBS · rs234706

C699T

Low-priority conversation
Your genotypeC / CTypical (no variant copies)
Chromosomechr 21Reference C · Variant T
Evidence
Level C
Reviewed 2025-01
In plain language
CBS helps turn homocysteine into a building block for glutathione.
What this may suggest
May slightly change how homocysteine and sulfur amino acids move.
What this does NOT tell us
Popular internet claims that CBS 'upregulates' and causes many symptoms are not well supported by research.
Simple food & lifestyle ideas
  • Balanced protein and B6 (from foods like salmon and bananas).

Questions for your clinician

  • “Would a homocysteine check be worthwhile?”

What this chapter does NOT tell you

Your genes are one signal. Blood work, symptoms, family history, medications, and your daily life all matter more than any single result on this page. Bring these notes to a clinician who knows you — do not start, stop, or change medications or high-dose supplements based on this report alone.